oppressive rulers have altered the beliefs and rulings of Islam one after another in their own favor and have formalized an understanding of it that aligns with their desires. In the meantime, the Ahl al-Hadith have always been at their service, like hired mercenaries; because by affirming and spreading fabricated narrations that, in stark contrast to the Quran, emphasize the obligation to obey oppressive rulers and maintain them, they have practically paved the way for strengthening their rule and defeating the reform movements of Muslims and have prevented poor, oppressed people from rising to claim their rights. Inevitably, due to the efforts of these traitors, the most reckless oppressors have coveted rule over Muslims and have also found the opportunity for it; to the extent that someone like Yazid ibn Mu‘awiyah (d. 64 AH), despite being foolish and openly sinful, ruled over Muslims, setting fire to the House of Allah and killing the Ahl al-Bayt of the Prophet; and someone like Hajjaj ibn Yusuf (d. 95 AH), despite being a tyrannical butcher, ruled over Muslims, beheading the righteous without any crime; and someone like Walid ibn Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik (d. 126 AH), despite surpassing all others in wickedness and evildoing and being accused of even neglecting prayer, ruled over Muslims, openly promoting polytheism; and others like them, with no dispute that they were oppressors, each ruled over Muslims by succeeding one another, transforming the caliphate of the Prophet into the kingship of Khosrow and Caesar, while the Ahl al-Hadith, throughout all this time, considered obedience to them obligatory and prohibited rising against them in order to prevent disaster, according to their supposition. However, they fell into nothing but disaster; as Allah Almighty has said: ﴿وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ ائْذَنْ لِي وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي ۚ أَلَا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُوا ۗ وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ﴾[1]; “And among them are those who say: ‘Give me permission and do not draw me into disaster!’ Be aware that they have already fallen into disaster. And indeed, Hell engulfs disbelievers.” In return, in gratitude for their historical efforts that have guaranteed the maintenance of their rule until now, oppressive rulers have always supported them,