Causes of non-establishment of Islam

As for the most important causes and motives for non-establishment of Islam after the Messenger of God so far, they are as follows:

1. Disagreements among Muslims

The first cause of non-establishment of Islam after the Messenger of God was disagreements among Muslims after him; because after him, they quickly lost their solidarity and, like those who were before them, became different groups, and each group became attached to its beliefs and deeds; while God had repeatedly and clearly warned them against it and said: ﴿وَلَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ تَفَرَّقُوا وَاخْتَلَفُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ ۚ وَأُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ﴾[1]; “And do not be like those who became divided into factions and disagreed after clear signs came to them, and for them is a great punishment,” and said: ﴿وَلَا تَكُونُوا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ۝ مِنَ الَّذِينَ فَرَّقُوا دِينَهُمْ وَكَانُوا شِيَعًا ۖ كُلُّ حِزْبٍ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ فَرِحُونَ﴾[2]; “And do not be of polytheists; of those who divided their religion into factions and become different groups; every group were attached to what they had,” but they forgot God’s warning, disobeyed His prohibition, and after the Messenger of God ,while he was not yet buried, disagreed about his Caliphate, and this was the origin of all of their disagreements after him, which has increasingly continued so far, and therefore, despite the reluctance of some of them to reflect on it, it is very important and worthy of study.

Historically, according to mutawatir narrations, it is certain that the Sahabah of the Messenger of God disagreed as to who should have the government after him; a group of them considered the government after him for his Ahl al-Bayt, and another group considered it for others, while such a disagreement among Muslims is extremely surprising and unexpected; because there is no doubt that the government in Islam belongs to God and not to other than Him, and this is one of the clear and necessary principles of Islam;