Hashemi Khorasani, Mansoor, Return to Islam, p238

[p85]: ﴿يُخَادِعُونَ اللَّهَ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَمَا يَخْدَعُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 9); “They want to deceive God and those who believe in, while they deceive no one other than themselves and they do not know”[p190]: ﴿يُخَادِعُونَ اللَّهَ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَمَا يَخْدَعُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 9); “They deceive God and those who believe in, while they do not deceive anyone but themselves and they do not understand”[p95]: ﴿صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 18); “They are deaf and dumb and blind, therefore they will not return!”[p238]: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 21); “O’ you the people”[p101]: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي أَنْ يَضْرِبَ مَثَلًا مَا بَعُوضَةً فَمَا فَوْقَهَا ۚ فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ ۖ وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَيَقُولُونَ مَاذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِهَٰذَا مَثَلًا ۘ يُضِلُّ بِهِ كَثِيرًا وَيَهْدِي بِهِ كَثِيرًا ۚ وَمَا يُضِلُّ بِهِ إِلَّا الْفَاسِقِينَ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 26); “God is not ashamed to bring a mosquito or beyond, as an example. But those who have faith know that this is the truth from their Lord and those who are unbelievers will say, what was God’s intention from this example?! He will guide many and misguide many with that, and He will not misguide any unless the sinners.”[p307]: ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ لَكُمْ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَسَوَّاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ ۚ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 29); “He is the one who have created for you whatever is on the earth and then He processed the heaven and made it seven heavens and He is the one who knows everything”[p127]: ﴿إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً ۖ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 30); “I set a Caliph on the earth”[p137]: ﴿إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً ۖ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 30); “Indeed I set a successor on the earth”[p312]: ﴿إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً ۖ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 30); “Indeed I will always set a Caliph on the earth”[p225]: ﴿وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 34); “And when we said to the angels to prostrate to Adam, therefore they prostrated to him”[p299]: ﴿وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَىٰ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 34); “And when we told angels to prostrate to Adam, therefore they prostrated all, except Satan who refused to do that and acted arrogantly and he was among unbelievers”[p184]: ﴿فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُمْ مِنِّي هُدًى فَمَنْ تَبِعَ هُدَايَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 38); “Therefore, whenever a guide came to you from Me, everyone who follows My guide, neither will have any fear, nor will be sad”[p342]: ﴿وَلَا تَلْبِسُوا الْحَقَّ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَتَكْتُمُوا الْحَقَّ وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 42); “Do not cover the truth with wrong, nor conceal the truth while you know.”[p320]: ﴿وَارْكَعُوا مَعَ الرَّاكِعِينَ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 43); “And bow with the all other bowers”[p323]: ﴿وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ ۚ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 43); “And perform prayer and pay Zakat”[p194]: ﴿وَإِنَّهَا لَكَبِيرَةٌ إِلَّا عَلَى الْخَاشِعِينَ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 45); “And it is indeed hard unless for the humbles”[p42]: ﴿وَمِنْهُمْ أُمِّيُّونَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ الْكِتَابَ إِلَّا أَمَانِيَّ وَإِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا يَظُنُّونَ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 78); “And some of them are illiterate people who regard religion nothing but dreams and do nothing but conjecture!”[p169]: ﴿فَوَيْلٌ لِلَّذِينَ يَكْتُبُونَ الْكِتَابَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ ثُمَّ يَقُولُونَ هَٰذَا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ لِيَشْتَرُوا بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا ۖ فَوَيْلٌ لَهُمْ مِمَّا كَتَبَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَوَيْلٌ لَهُمْ مِمَّا يَكْسِبُونَ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 79); “So Woe to those who write the book with their own hands, then say that this is from God, in order to gain through it, a low price, so Woe to them of what their hands wrote and of what they gain.”[p125]: ﴿أَفَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضِ الْكِتَابِ وَتَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ ۚ فَمَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ يَفْعَلُ ذَٰلِكَ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا خِزْيٌ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُرَدُّونَ إِلَىٰ أَشَدِّ الْعَذَابِ ۗ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 85); “Do you believe in some part of holy book and disbelieve in other part of it?! What is the punishment for one who does such a thing, other than abjection in the worldly life and that in the resurrection day will be returned to the severest punishment and God is not unaware of what you do!”[p197]: ﴿أَفَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضِ الْكِتَابِ وَتَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ ۚ فَمَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ يَفْعَلُ ذَٰلِكَ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا خِزْيٌ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُرَدُّونَ إِلَىٰ أَشَدِّ الْعَذَابِ ۗ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 85); “Do you believe in some part of holy book and disbelieve in other part of it?! Therefore the punishment for anyone of you who does that, is nothing but abjection in worldly life and to be returned to the severest punishment in resurrection day?!”[p81]: ﴿أَفَكُلَّمَا جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ بِمَا لَا تَهْوَىٰ أَنْفُسُكُمُ اسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ فَفَرِيقًا كَذَّبْتُمْ وَفَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 87); “Whenever a messenger brought you something which your souls do not approve, you were arrogant, so you denied some of them and killed others?!”[p64]: ﴿فَقَلِيلًا مَا يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 88); “And they are too few who believe.”[p83]: ﴿وَكَانُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ مَا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِهِ ۚ فَلَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 89); “And they used to seek triumph over people who became infidel, but when they received what they have known before, they denied him; therefore may God curse the unbelievers!”[p316]: ﴿مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِلَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَجِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَالَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَدُوٌّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 98); “So any person who is the enemy of God and His angels and the prophets and Gabriel and Michael, God is the enemy of infidels!”[p289]: ﴿وَمَا هُمْ بِضَارِّينَ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۚ﴾ (Al-Baqarah/ 102); “And they are not harmful toward anyone, except through God’s permission”

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Return to Islam: Knowing Islam 238

because, as required by their approach, they synthesize its various parts and easily understand its serious intention of terms such as “hand,” “face,” and “throne,” deriving from them no meaning other than that which befits the dignity of Allah. Confusion in this matter arises only for those who are foolish and do not understand the statements of intellectuals. It is clear that such people are not the ones the Quran addresses, nor are they qualified to derive meaning from it; as Allah Almighty has said: ﴿قَدْ فَصَّلْنَا الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَفْقَهُونَ﴾[1]; “We have explained the verses in detail for a people who understand,” and: ﴿فَمَالِ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمِ لَا يَكَادُونَ يَفْقَهُونَ حَدِيثًا﴾[2]; “So what is the matter with these people who hardly understand any statement?!”

As a result, the Quran has been sent down for all intellectuals and commensurate with their intellects; accordingly, it is understandable and authoritative for all of them. However, the foolish—who are either deprived of the blessing of intellect or do not benefit from it—are incapable of understanding the Quran, not because of any obscurity in it, but because of their own foolishness, as they are deprived of the blessing of intellect or do not benefit from it. Such people are in need of the care of intellectuals[3].

↑[1] . Al-An‘am/ 98

↑[2] . An-Nisa/ 78

↑[3] . Many of the early Sunni scholars agreed with him on this view; as it has been narrated from Hasan al-Basri (d. 110 AH) that, in exegesis of Allah’s statement: ﴿وَجَاءَ رَبُّكَ﴾ (Al-Fajr/ 22); “And your Lord comes,” he said: “It means His command and decree” (Tafsir ibn Furak, vol. 3, p. 218; Tafsir al-Qurtubi, vol. 20, p. 55), and from Ahmad ibn Hanbal (d. 241 AH) that he interpreted it as referring to Allah’s power or reward (see al-Fasl Fi al-Milal Wa al-Ahwa’ Wa al-Nahl by ibn Hazm, vol. 2, p. 132; Ibtal al-Ta’wilat by Abu Ya‘la, p. 158; al-Bidayah Wa al-Nihayah by ibn Kathir, vol. 10, p. 361; al-Muqaffa al-Kabir by al-Maqrizi, vol. 1, p. 491). Ibn Battal (d. 449 AH) has also said: “Any action attributed to Allah that does not befit Him—such as appearing, descending, or coming—is actually attributed to the angel sent for it; such as His statement: ﴿وَجَاءَ رَبُّكَ﴾; ‘And your Lord comes,’ whereas coming is impossible for Allah because movement is impossible, and its meaning is like this: ‘And the command of your Lord and the messenger of your Lord come’” (Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari by ibn Battal, vol. 10, p. 527). Ibn al-Jawzi has narrated from Ahmad that after the aforementioned interpretation, he said: “The proofs of intellect directed him to this; for attributing movement to Allah is not permissible” (Daf‘ Shubhah al-Tashbih Bi Akaff al-Tanzih by ibn al-Jawzi, p. 110). This explicitly indicates that the Quran must be interpreted in a way that does not contradict intellect. Likewise, al-Jassas (d. 370 AH) has said: “Whenever a passage of the Quran can bear two meanings—one that intellect permits and another that it does not—it is to be understood according to the meaning that intellect permits, not the one it does not; for intellect is a foundation, and it is the proof of Allah Almighty, by which what is permissible must be distinguished from what is not” (al-Fusul Fi al-Usul by al-Jassas, vol. 1, p. 377).

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