and this is what He Himself has referred to and said: ﴿تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ الْمُلْكُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ﴾[1]; “Blessed is He in Whose hands is the dominion, and He has power over all things,” and said: ﴿فَسُبْحَانَ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ مَلَكُوتُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ﴾[2]; “Pure then is He in Whose hands is the sovereignty over all things, and you will be returned toward Him,” and said: ﴿قُلْ مَنْ بِيَدِهِ مَلَكُوتُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ يُجِيرُ وَلَا يُجَارُ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ﴾[3]; “Say: ‘Who is the One in Whose hands is the sovereignty over all things, He shelters and is not sheltered, if you know.’” Therefore, the fact that the sovereignty belongs to Him has practically no meaning except that it is based on His choice regardless of the choice of others; as He has said: ﴿وَرَبُّكَ يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاءُ وَيَخْتَارُ ۗ مَا كَانَ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةُ ۚ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَتَعَالَى عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ﴾[4]; “And your Lord creates and chooses whatever He wills; they have no choice; Glorified and Exalted is God above what they associate with Him.”

In other words, the return of sovereignty in Islam is to the permission of God, but rather there is no legitimacy for any affair unless it returns to His permission, and this is one of the most important fundamental rules in Islam; as He has said repeatedly and emphatically: ﴿أَلَا إِلَى اللَّهِ تَصِيرُ الْأُمُورُ﴾[5]; “Be aware that all affairs will return to God,” and said: ﴿وَإِلَى اللَّهِ تُرْجَعُ الْأُمُورُ﴾[6]; “And all affairs will return to God,” and said: ﴿وَإِلَى اللَّهِ عَاقِبَةُ الْأُمُورِ﴾[7]; “And toward God is the end of all affairs,” and said: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ الْمَصِيرُ﴾[8]; “The dominion over the heavens and the earth belongs to God, and it will return to God.” This means that the basis of legitimacy in Islam is the permission of God, and any action that does not return to the permission of God is not considered Islamic and, accordingly, does not lead to His Heaven and forgiveness; as He has said explicitly: ﴿وَاللَّهُ يَدْعُو إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَالْمَغْفِرَةِ بِإِذْنِهِ﴾[9]; “And God invites (you) to Heaven and forgiveness by His permission”;